Cultural Relativism Definition and Examples

Cultural relativism refers to the idea that the values, knowledge, and behavior of people must be understood within their own cultural context. This is one of the most fundamental concepts in sociology, as it recognizes and affirms the connections between the greater social structure and trends and the everyday lives of individual people. Origins and Overview The concept of cultural relativism as we know and use it today was established as an analytic tool by German-American  anthropologist Franz Boas in the early 20th century. In the context of early social science, cultural relativism became an important tool for pushing back on the ethnocentrism that often tarnished research at that time, which was mostly conducted by white, wealthy, Western men, and often focused on people of color, foreign indigenous populations, and persons of lower economic class than the researcher. Ethnocentrism is the practice of viewing and judging someone elses culture based on the values and beliefs of ones own. From this standpoint, we might frame other cultures as weird, exotic, intriguing, and even as problems to be solved. In contrast, when we recognize that the many cultures of the world have their own beliefs, values, and practices that have developed in particular historical, political, social, material, and ecological contexts  and that it makes sense that they would differ from our own and that none are necessarily right or wrong or good or bad, then we are engaging the concept of cultural relativism. Examples Cultural relativism explains why, for example, what constitutes breakfast varies widely from place to place. What is considered a typical breakfast in Turkey, as illustrated in the above image, is quite different from what is considered a typical breakfast in the U.S. or Japan. While it might seem strange to eat fish soup or stewed vegetables for breakfast in the U.S., in other places, this is perfectly normal. Conversely, our tendency toward sugary cereals and milk  or preference for egg sandwiches loaded with bacon and cheese would seem quite bizarre to other cultures. Similarly, but perhaps of more consequence, rules that regulate nudity in public vary widely around the world. In the U.S., we tend to frame nudity in general as an inherently sexual thing, and so when people are nude in public, people may interpret this as a sexual signal. But in many other places around the world, being nude or partially nude in public is a normal part of life, be it at swimming pools, beaches, in parks, or even throughout the course of daily life (see many indigenous cultures around the world). In these cases, being nude or partially nude is not framed as sexual but as the appropriate bodily state for engaging in a given activity. In other cases, like many cultures where Islam is the predominant faith, a more thorough coverage of the body is expected than in other cultures. Due in large part to ethnocentrism, this has become a highly politicized and volatile practice in todays world. Why Recognizing Cultural Relativism Matters By acknowledging  cultural relativism, we can recognize that our culture shapes what we consider to be beautiful, ugly, appealing, disgusting, virtuous, funny, and abhorrent. It shapes what we consider to be good and bad art, music, and film, as well as  what we consider to be tasteful or tacky consumer goods. The work of sociologist Pierre Bourdieu features ample discussion of these phenomena, and the consequences of them. This varies not just in terms of national cultures but within a large society like the U.S. and also by cultures and subcultures organized by class, race, sexuality, region, religion, and ethnicity, among others.

Environmental Impact Assessment (Eia) - 2101 Words

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): * A formal process to predict the environmental consequence of human development activities and to plan an appropriate measure to eliminate or reduce the adverse impacts and to augment positive impacts. * EIA is an attempt to identify measure and evaluate the environmental impacts of a course of actions. Here, actions mean any development, strategy which will change an existing system. * According to LGED, assessment of beneficial and adverse change in the environmental resources or values, resulting from any proposed project. Methods available for conducting EIA study are: * Checklist method * Matrix method * Overlays method * Network diagram method * Baseline studies *†¦show more content†¦The matrix comprises the environmental components found in a given study area, listed along both axes of the matrix: the cells then represent possible linkages between the components. This is illustrated in Figure . The analyst codes those cells where a direct link exists a 1, the other cells have a 0. On multiplying the matrix by itself, the resultant matrix indicates those components that can be reached within one (direct link) or two (indirect link) steps from another component. Further matrix multiplication can identify 3-, 4-, 5-step links between the environmental components. Table: Descriptive system model components | Dependent Components | Type of Dependency | 1.Rotted vegetation | Plant detritusBenthic faunaEstuarine fishAvifauna | Source of nutrientsNutrientsNutrientsNutrients |Show MoreRelatedEnvironmental Impact Assessment(Eia)2278 Words   |  10 PagesTITLE - Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), it s introduction, purpose, methods of EIA, EIA conducted in India, Environmental Impact Statement(EIS). INTRODUCTION : DEFINITION : An  environmental impact assessment  (EIA) is an assessment of the possible positive or negative impact that a proposed project may have on the environment, together consisting of the  environmental, social and economic aspects. PURPOSE : The purpose of the assessment is to ensure that decision makers considerRead MoreEnvironmental Impact Assessment(Eia)2278 Words   |  10 PagesTITLE - Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), its introduction, purpose, methods of EIA, EIA conducted in India, Environmental Impact Statement(EIS). INTRODUCTION : DEFINITION : An  environmental impact assessment  (EIA) is an assessment of the possible positive or negative impact that a proposed project may have on the environment, together consisting of the  environmental, social and economic aspects. PURPOSE : The purpose of the assessment is to ensure that decision makers considerRead MoreEnvironmental Impact Assessment ( Eia ) Essay4845 Words   |  20 PagesConcept of EIA Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is defined differently in different regions and at different points of time and therefore, there is no single definition of EIA which is globally accepted. Also, quite often the term EIA is interchangeably used with ‘impact assessment’ or ‘environmental assessment’. But regardless of the variation in definitions and the terms used for it, EIA has always been considered as an aid to decision making through which the potential environmental consequencesRead MoreAn Environmental Impact Assessment ( Eia )2242 Words   |  9 PagesI am a specialist in wildlife kills from solar energy, preparing an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the interdisciplinary team studying the effects on wildlife kills from wind and solar energy. DIRECT EFFECT ON WILDLIFE KILLS BY SOLAR PANELS Toh Xinyi Cindi (260623525) GEOG302: Environmental Management 1, Assignment 1 October 14, 2014 Introduction In recent times, due to worries of declining fossil fuel reserves and hence energy production, many, including the SubcommitteeRead MoreEnvironmental Impact Assessment ( Eia ) And Environmental Management Systems Essay1641 Words   |  7 PagesActivity 3.4 How EIA and EMS complement each other. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environmental Management Systems (EMS) are seen to fit well together like a lock and a key. To understand this complementary between the two, one will evaluate both their characteristics. One well known example of an Environmental Management System is ISO 14001, the International Standard for environmental management systems (SABS ISO 14001:1996). This example will be used to compare and evaluate the linkRead MoreAnalysing the Environmental Impact Assessment Systems around the World1701 Words   |  7 PagesPà ¶là ¶nen et al in 2011 conducted research on â€Å"The effectiveness of the Finnish EIA system†. He inspected main weaknesses and strengths of EIA as a participatory and preventive environmental management tool. According to him EIA has enhanced the legitimacy of the planning processes and tools used in environmental policy. The planning has been made more transparent through the participation of stakeholders. In the early pha se of Planning, the participation has made it possible to strengthen the trustRead MoreIntroduction And Evolution Of Eia1480 Words   |  6 PagesEvolution of EIA Legislation in Canada Environmental Impact Assessment is widely used in Canada as an instrument for development, planning and decision making. The institutional arrangements fix this purpose are both well developed and administratively complex. Canada is a federal state in which responsibility for EIA is divided between the National Level, ten provinces, two territories, municipal and First Nation jurisdictions. All of these jurisdictions have established operational EIA systems whichRead MoreEnvironmental Assessments And Environmental Impact Assessments911 Words   |  4 PagesStrategic Environmental Assessments (SEAs) and Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs), within the Canadian oil and gas industry, on both the Federal and Ontario Provincial levels. It factors in the necessary transportation, processes and infrastructure that will be be required for the implementation of the proposed investment. Strategic Environmental Assessment I. Transportation a. Federal Provincial Rail Regulation b. Transatlantic ii. Refinery a. Partial Refinement Environmental Impact Assessment:Read MoreHistory Of Commonwealth Facilities Used For Commonwealth Games1049 Words   |  5 PagesSustainable assessment is an aid tool to assess practice or activity based on sustainable principles which is well known as three bottom line pillars including economic, social and environment, so the drawbacks impact of activity could minimise as soon as possible. Moreover, the assessment could help the decision making to decide better decision toward sustainability development (Pope, Annandale, and Morrison-Saunders 2004). The common feature is used to assessment urban development is Environmental ImpactRead MoreThe Extent to which Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Can Contribute towards Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change Futures1062 Words   |  5 Pagesplanning and overarching environmental planning through Strategic Environmental Assessment-‘SEA’ and Environmental Impact Assessment-‘EIA’. This is because the pattern of land use within any area sets the characteristics of the emission from the aforementioned two sectors which is governed largely by SEA in Europe (key contributor in global emission) and industrial emission is ruled through EIA; the two most vital tool of spatial planning for securing the broad environmental goal (Hurlimann and March

The flight Free Essays

For more free printable resources please evils YMMV. Macromolecules. Com [Type the use for non-commercial use only. We will write a custom essay sample on The flight or any similar topic only for you Order Now Document title] This file is available to [Type the document this through your own blobs / You are welcome to let others know obtrusively] websites, however permission is not bushmankhan to file share, instead please direct granted [Pick the date] your readers with a link to www. Macromolecules. Com where they can find the file to download Install. Your support Is appreciated, Azimuthally shrunk. [Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. ] elm seeker mini book series YMMV. Miscellaneously. Com Welcome Ramadan by Allah tells us In the CurranÃ'›. I created the Jinn and humankind only that they might worship Me (Sarah dad- Diarist ayah 56) The 5 pillars of Islam Shaded Kaka Sum Hajj] Sum in Ramadan is one of the pillars of Islam! Murray Jump al-Ã'Å¡l Ramadan Safari Jump tat-Thingy Shawl Rabat al-Law Rabat tat-Thin Raja Shabby DuhÃ'Ëœ al-Qaeda DuhÃ'Ëœ al-Hajji From when the sun starts to rise in the morning, to when the sun sets at night, we do not eat or drink during the month of Ramadan! Sahara is a special meal eaten before the sun rises late at night†¦ Like a Narrated Nanas bin Mali: The Prophet said: â€Å"Take Sahara as there is a blessing in it. † Isaiah al Babushka, The Book of As-Sum headset #1923 Draw a picture of what you would like to eat for Sure. During the day we do not eat or drink! Also we must not be rude or mean to anyone! At the end of the day when the sun sets, we can eat again! It is good to eat dates because the Prophet Muhammad told us it is good to eat them when we break our fast! Salaam bin ‘Emir narrated that the Messenger of Allah â€Å"When any one of you breaks his fast, let him break it with dates. If he cannot find dates, then let him break it with water, for it is a means of purification† (Isaiah) Susan Bin Malay Chapter on what has been narrated concerning fasting, Headset # 1699 Draw a picture of what you would like to eat after breaking fast The thirst is gone, and the veins are quenched, and the reward is assured, if Allah wills At the time of breaking our fast, when we are about to eat, there is a data we can say, Just as the Prophet Muhammad did. Used to say when breaking his fast: â€Å"The thirst is gone, and the veins are quenched, and the reward is assured Allah wills†. Susan ABA Dad, The book of Fasting, headset # 2357 In Ramadan people pray late at night, hoping for Allah’s reward and forgiveness! Design a mat†¦. You could use felt tips and pencils to color, or even stick bits of paper or material†¦ Its up to you! On Lately LU-Quad Allah gives us more rewards! So we try to so lots of worship. We do not know when Lately LU-Quad is exactly, but we know it is in the last 10 nights of Ramadan! At the end of Ramadan is a big celebration, Did LU Fit! This is a special time and we gather together to pray Salaam LU Did! Draw a Ramadan picture! How to cite The flight, Papers